I muri i ngā rā 25 o te whakatipuranga pūmau i te 28°C, ko te laccase mai i te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC620 i whakaatu i te kaha teitei rawa atu i roto i te reo whakatipu harore. Ko ngā uara pH me te pāmahana tino pai mō tēnei whākōkī he 3.0 me te 70°C, ia. I muri i ngā hāora e 2 o te whakatipuranga i te 40°C me te 50°C, i mau tonu te kaha o te whākōkī ki te 68.33% me te 59.61%, ia. I muri i ngā hāora e 2 o te whakatipuranga i roto i te citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), i noho tonu te kaha o te whākōkī ki te 100%. Nā te tāpiri o te 10 mM MgSO₄ me te CuSO₄ i whakanui ake te kaha o te whākōkī mā te 21% me te 35%, ia, i te mea ko NaCl, MnCl₂, KCl, me CaCl₂ i aukati i te kaha o te whākōkī. Mā te whakamahi i te ABTS hei papa, ko ngā tawhā nekeneke (Km me Vmax) o te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620 laccase he 1.99 mM me te 16,217 μmol min−1 L−1, ia. Nā te maimoatanga whākōkī o ngā tauira wai āporo i tino whakaiti te pH me te matotoru, ā, i hono tēnei whakaiti ki te pikinga o te wā rokiroki. Nā te maimoatanga laccase i iti ake te ihirangi phenolic katoa o te wai āporo, engari kāore i kitea he whakaiti i te mahi antioxidant.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua arotahi ngā kairangahau ki te whakamahinga o te hangarau koiora matomato i roto i te umanga kai. Ko te Laccase tētahi o ngā whākōkī tino whai hua i roto i te umanga kai, e kitea ana ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te tukatuka wai, te tunu kai, te whakau waina, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga organoleptic o ngā hua kai.1He maha ngā tipu teitei me ngā moroiti e whakaputa ana i te laccase,2ā, ka taea hoki e ngā harore pērā i te deuteromycetes, te ascomycetes, me te basidiomycetes te whakaputa laccase.3Ko te Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) he oxidase kikorangi e whakaiti ana i te hāora ngota ki te wai mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha e toru ngā ngota parahi rerekē, ā, ka whakakōkī i ngā momo matū phenolic me ngā amine kakara. I te wā e hangaia ana ngā wai huarākau me ngā wai huawhenua, he take nui te parauri whākōkī me te parauri kore-whākōkī.4I te mea he pānga kino ēnei matū ki te tae, te reka, me te kakara o te wai, me tango atu.5
O ngā hua katoa, ko ngā āporo te mea e tino kainga ana puta noa i te ao, tae atu ki te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. I te tau 2019, ko te tuatoru o ngā hua āporo o te ao, neke atu i te 87 miriona tāne.6He maha ngā pūhui phenolic kei roto i ngā aporo, tae atu ki ngā flavonoids me ngā waikawa phenolic pērā i te waikawa caffeic me te waikawa chlorogenic.7Nā te mea he mārama te āhua o te wai aporo e kainga ana, tata ki te 50% ki te 90% o ngā wāhanga phenolic ka ngaro i te wā e tātarihia ana.8I ēnei rā, ko ngā hua aporo kāore i tino tukatukahia he mea nui, pērā i te wai aporo kōwhai he nui te polyphenol. Heoi, nā te nui o te phenolic, he tino ngāwari te huri i te tae me te pouri o tēnei momo wai aporo.9He maha ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana hei whakaiti, hei ārai rānei i te pouri o te wai aporo, tae atu ki ngā tikanga maimoatanga wera pērā i te whakamātao i te 60–90°C.10Heoi, e ai ki nga rangahau a Sauceda-Gálvez11, ka taea e te tukatuka wera te whakangaro i ngā matū pūngāwerewere, ā, ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga o te wai aporo. Ko ētahi atu huarahi hei whakakapi i ngā tikanga tukatuka wera ko te hauhā waro tino nui, te hihi ultraviolet, te ultrasound, te pēhanga wai teitei, te whakakotahitanga pēhanga teitei rānei.12Ko te whai huatanga o ēnei hangarau me te hua o ngā wai hua e tika ana, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tawhā e whakamahia ana me ngā āhuatanga o te hua. Ko te whakamahinga whānui o ēnei hangarau ka herea e ngā utu nui, ngā pānga kino ki te kounga o ētahi hua kai, te kore rānei e taea te whakakore i ngā whākōkī.13,14
Ka taea te whakamahi i te Laccase hei whakau me te whakamārama i te wai hua.15Gökmen me ētahi atu.16E taunaki ana kia whakamahia te laccase hei whakamārama i te wai hua nā te mea ka tangohia e ia ngā pūhui phenolic mā te huri i a rātou hei polymers, hei oligomers rānei ka ngāwari te tango e tetahi kiriuhi ultrafiltration, ka taea ai e te wai aporo te pupuri i te tae pumau me te mārama mō te ono wiki i te 50°C. Ko te *Trichoderma* laccase kua purea i whakaūngia ki runga i ngā pire alumina, ā, i whakamahia hei tango i ngā pūhui kakara kore i puta mai i te poke o te wai aporo.17
Tata ki te 80-90% o ngā wāhanga pūngāwerewere o te wai aporo he esters me he aldehydes, ā, ka puta he kakara motuhake ki te wai.18I whakaūngia te Laccase mai i *Trametes versicolor* ki runga i tētahi tautoko iti te utu i hangaia mai i te muka maori o ngā anga kokonati taitamariki hei whakamārama i te wai aporo.19Kua rangahaua e ngā rangahau o mua te pumau o te wai aporo (te tae me te pōuri) mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kore-whākōkī, ngā tikanga ārai rānei, mā te whakamahi tahi rānei me te ultrafiltration.5,19Heoi, kāore anō kia mārama te pānga o ngā laccase harore ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te wai aporo i te wā e rongoatia ana. Nō reira, ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tirotiro whakamātautau i ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, te ihirangi matū phenolic, me te kaha antioxidant o te wai aporo i muri i te maimoatanga me ngā laccase harore me te rokiroki pouaka whakamātao mō ngā wiki e rua. Kei ngā laccase te kaha ki te whakakōkī i ngā matū phenolic, e whai hua ai rātou mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi, tae atu ki te whakamārama wai. I tirotirohia e tēnei rangahau ngā laccase mai i *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620, me te arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga pai mō tā rātou mahi me te whai huatanga i roto i te whakamārama wai. Ahakoa he iti tonu te rangahau mō ngā harore tio (P. ostreatus NRC 620), kua tirotirohia e ngā rangahau o mua ngā whākōkī mai i ngā pūtake harore rerekē, pērā i a Trametes versicolor me Ganoderma lucidum. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he aromatawai i te whakamahinga pea o tēnei whākōkī i roto i te umanga kai me te whakaatu i ōna āhuatanga ahurei, inā koa ko tōna pH me te pāmahana pai.
I hokona te 2,2′-Azooxybis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) mai i Sigma-Aldrich (Kānata). Ko ngā atu matū katoa he kounga tātari.
I whiwhi te Pokapū Kohinga Ahurea Moroiti o te Pokapū Rangahau ā-Motu i te momo harore tio e mōhiotia ana ko NRC620. Whai muri i te whakatipu iti, i rongoatia tēnei momo ki runga i ngā papa agar dextrose rīwai i te 4°C. Ko te tikanga whakarite inoculum penei: Ko te mycelium 10-rā te pakeke, kua tino whanake, i werohia ki runga i ngā pereti agar dextrose rīwai, ā, i whaowhia ki te 28°C. Whai muri i ngā rā 10, e toru ngā poraka mycelial 12-mm te whānui i tangohia mai i te pāpāho agar mā te whakamahi i te whao whakarewa parakore, ā, i whakanohoia ki roto i ngā ipu Erlenmeyer 250-mL me ngā mono miro kei roto 50 mL o te reo ahurea parakore (pH 5.0, e ai ki te whakaahuatanga o mua e Othman et al.20I whakatōkia ngā ahurea ki te 28°C mō ngā rā 18. Kātahi ka tātarihia ngā ahurea mā te pepa tātari Whatman Nama 1, ā, ko te wai i puta mai i roto i te wai i whakamahia hei pūtake whākōkī.
I whakatauhia te ngohe o te Laccase mā te whakamahi i te ABTS hei matūriki. Ko te ranunga tauhohenga (2 mL) i roto i te 500 μL o te 0.3 mM ABTS (i rewa i roto i te 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5) me te nui e hiahiatia ana o te tauira whākōkī i rewa ki te wai whakapūkara.21,22I te mea ka taea e te laccase te whakakōkō i te ABTS i te pāmahana rūma (28 °C ± 2), i whakatauhia te whakakōkō ABTS mā te ine i te pikinga o te mimiti i te 420 nm (ε420= 36,000 henimita-1 M -1) mā te whakamahi i te mita ine UV Agilent Carry-100. Kotahi te waeine o te mahi laccase i hiahiatia hei whakapūkara i te 1 μmol ABTS ia meneti. I whakatauhia te kukū pūmua mā te tikanga Bradford mā te whakamahi i te albumin toto kau hei mana whakahaere ā-roto.23,24
I muri i te whiwhinga o te whākōkī mai i te momo harore tio NRC 620, i inehia tōna kaha i ngā wā whakatipu rerekē mō ngā rā 25 i raro i ngā āhuatanga pūmau i te 28 °C.
Hei ako i te pānga o te pāmahana ki te mahi a te laccase, i whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau i te awhe pāmahana mai i te 20 ki te 90 °C. I mua i te tāpiri i te whākōkī me te tīmatanga o te tauhohenga, i konatunatua te pūhui (0.1 M konutai citrate, pH 4.5) me te matū (ABTS) ā, i whaowhia mō te 5 meneti i ngā pāmahana rerekē. I aromatawaihia te pumau wera o te whākōkī mā te whaowhia ki roto i te 0.05 M konutai phosphate pūhui (pH 7.0) i te 40, 50, 60, me te 70 °C mō te 2 hāora. Kātahi ka aromatawaihia te mahi toenga mā te whakamahi i te matū ABTS.
I aromatawaihia te pānga o te pH ki te ngohe o te laccase mā te whakamahi i te ABTS hei matū i roto i ngā pūhui citrate-phosphate 0.1 M me te awhe pH o te 2.5 ki te 7.0. I whaowhia te otinga whākōkī i te 40°C mō ngā haora e rua i roto i te 0.1 M citrate me ngā pūhui Tris (pH 3, 4, 6, me te 7) hei aromatawai i te pumau o te pH. I tatauhia te ngohe toenga me te ABTS hei matū i muri i te whaowhia.
I whaowhia te laccase mō te 10 meneti i roto i te konutai phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.0) kei roto ngā momo katote konganuku (Mg2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, K+, Na+, me Mn2+) i ngā kukū o te 2.5 mM me te 10 mM, ia. Kātahi ka tāpirihia te substrate (ABTS) hei tīmata i te tauhohenga, ā, ka aromatawaihia te ngohe whanaunga.
I inehia te whakahāngaitanga ABTS e te laccase i ngā kukū rerekē (0.025–3 mM) i te pH 4.5 hei whakatau i ngā tawhā nekeneke (Vmax me Km). Ko te nekenekengā pūmauo te whārite Michaelis-Menten i tatauhia mā te whakamahi i te kauwhata Lineweaver-Burk, e tuhi ana i te taurite o te tere tauhohenga hei pānga o te kukū o te matū. I tatauhia ngā pūmau nekeneke mai i te kauwhata Lineweaver-Burk mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa GraphPad Prism putanga 6.01.
I muri i te horoinga pai o ngā aporo ki te wai puna, ka tapahia kia rua, ā, ka tangohia te wai mā te whakamahi i te mīhini tango wai aporo Braun MP80 aunoa (i hangaia ki Tiamana). I tātarihia te wai mā roto i ngā paparanga kakahu tīhi e whā. Kāore i tāpirihia he whākōkī ki te rōpū whakahaere, ā, i tāpirihia te 2.0% laccase (te kukū tino whai hua i whakamatautauria) ki te wai aporo hou i takaia, kātahi ka rongoatia ki te 4°C mō ngā wiki e rua.
I whakatauhia te waikawa titratable (TA) me te pH i runga anō i te tikanga a Boulton et al.al.27I inehia te pH o ia tauira mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita pH matihiko (mita pH JENWAY 3510). I tatauhia te waikawa titratable (TA) i runga i te waikawa malic mā te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei.
Ko V me C ngā rōrahi (mL) me te kukū (0.1 mol/L) o te otinga hauwai konutai i whakamahia i roto i te titration. Ko K te tauwehenga tahuritanga waikawa malic, he ōrite ki te 0.067, ā, ko W te papatipu (g) o te wai āporo.
Ko te katoa o ngā totoka wairewa (Ngā TDS) i whakatauhia te nui o ngā tauira wai katoa mā te whakamahi i te ine pūwero PAL-1 (ATAGO, Tokyo, Hapani). I muri i ia inenga, i horoia te karāhe whatu ki te wai whakakore iona, ā, i whakamatautauria ia tauira wai aporo kia toru ngā wā. I tatauhia te uara mō ia tauira mā te toharite i ngā inenga e toru. I tatauhia hoki te toharite ± paerewa rerekētanga mō ia tauira wai aporo mā te toharite i ēnei hua.
I aromatawaihia te kaha o te wai āporo mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita wai hurihuri (RV, Rheotest 2, Tiamana). I whakanohoia te tauira ki roto i te rango "S2" o te mita wai. Ko te kaha kitea i whakaaturia e te pikinga o te pihi ahotea kutikuti me te pihi tere kutikuti, i tatauhia mai i te ahotea kutikuti me ngā pihi e rite ana i ngā tere kutikuti rerekē (mai i te 1.00 ki te 437.4 s⁻¹). Ko te tātai mō te tatau i te kaha kitea koia tēnei:
Ko η te matotoru kitea (cP), ko τ te ahotea kutikuti (dyn/cm²), ko γ te tere kutikuti (sec⁻¹), ā, ka tatauhia te (τ) mā te whakamahi i ngā uara taipana (α) me te rango (Z) mā te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei: τ = Z. α.
I whakatauhia te taupū parauri i runga i te tikanga a Meidav etal.29I whakatōngia he tauira wai 10-ml ki te 2750 xg mō te 10 meneti. I konatunatua te 5 ml o te wai i konatunatua ki te 5 ml o te 95% etanoru. I inehia te mimiti o te ranunga i te 420 nm mā te whakamahi i te mita Shimadzu UV spectrophotometer (UV-1601 PC).
I whakatauhia te ihirangi phenolic katoa (TPC) mā te whakamahi i te matū Folin-Ciocalteu e ai ki tā Boulton et al.[27]I hangaia he kōpiko paerewa o te waikawa karika mō ngā kukū mai i te 0 ki te 500 mg/L (r²= 0.997). Ka whakaatuhia ngā hua hei rite ki te waikawa karika (mg GAE/mL).
Tāpirihia te 125 μL o te wai kua whakakorengia me te 2850 μL o te otinga FRAP ki te 25 μL o te wai āporo, ka waiho te ranunga ki te pōuri mō tētahi wā.30min. Kātahi ka ine i te mimiti i te 593 nm mā te whakamahi i te mita UV Shimadzu (UV-1601 PC). I whakaritea te matū FRAP mā te whakaranu i te 300 mM acetate buffer (pH 3.6), te 20 mM rino(III) chloride, me te 10 mM 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)triazine (TPTZ) (i rewa ki te 40 mM HCl) i te ōwehenga 10:1:1. I hangaia he pihi paerewa mā te whakamahi i a Trolox hei paerewa (R²= 0.999), ā, ko ngā hua ka whakaatuhia hei μM Trolox/mL.
I whakatauhia te kaha ārai mate o ngā wai i rongoatia me ngā wai kāore i rongoatia mā te whakamahi i te tikanga DPPH hei aromatawai i tō rātou kaha ki te kohikohi i ngā rauropi kore utu DPPH.31Tekau ngā rita iti o te wai i konatunatua ki te 1 ml o te otinga DPPH (100 μM) i roto i te methanol. I muri i te tauhohenga i roto i te pōuri mō te 30 meneti, i inehia te mimiti o te ranunga i te 517 nm mā te whakamahi i te mita Shimadzu UV spectrophotometer (UV-1601 PC). I whakaatuhia ngā hua hei trolox equivalents (μM trolox/ml) i runga i te pihi whakatikatika (R2= 0.990).
I whakaatuhia e ngā raraunga i whiwhihia ko te nui rawa o te hanga laccase i kitea i roto i ngā harore tio NRC 620 i te mutunga o te 18 o ngā rā o te whakapūtanga, ā, i eke ki te mahi o te 1302 U/L. Koinei te pūtake mō te whakatau i te wā whakatipu pai mō te hanga laccase (Pikitia 1). Ahakoa i piki ake te hanga whākōkī me te piki haere o te wā whakatipu, kāore te tere o te pikinga i rite tika ki te wā whakatipu; i muri i ngā rā 21, kua piki ake te mahi whākōkī mā te 90 U/L anake (ki te 1390 U/L). Nō reira, i whiriwhiria te 18 rā hei wā whakatipu pai hei whakataurite i te hua hua me ngā painga ōhanga o te wā whakatipu kua piki ake.
Te pānga o te wā whakatipu ki te hua laccase i roto i te Pleurotus ostreatus NRC 620. E toru (12 mm) ngā poraka mycelial harore i werohia ki roto i te 50 ml o te reo parakore, kātahi ka whakatipuria ki te 28 °C mō ngā wā rerekē.
E ai ki ētahi atu rangahau, e whakaatu ana ā mātou hua ko te wā tino pai mō te whakatipu i te laccase e te harore he wā pea i waenga i te 7 me te 36 rā.32E ai ki a Ezike me ētahi atu.33, *Trametes polyzona* I whakaputa te WRF03 i te nui rawa o te laccase i te mutunga o te iwa o ngā rā o te whakapūkara, me te ngohe motuhake o te 1637 U/mg pūmua. I tua atu, i kī a Othman me ētahi atu.34i kitea i tukuna e *Trichoderma harzianum* S7113 te nui o te laccase i te rima o ngā rā o te whakatipu. I eke te tere whakaputa laccase ki tōna taumata teitei i te tekau mā whā o ngā rā, kātahi ka heke haere.34Ahakoa ka taea hoki te whakaputanga whākōkī i te wā tupu matua, ka tino piki i te wā waenga, ā, ka tīmata mā te kai i te pūtake waro, hauota rānei.34,35
Ahakoa i whakaatuhia e te laccase mai i te Pleurotus ostreatus NRC 620 te kaha nui i runga i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana mai i te 50°C ki te 80°C, tata ki te kaha nui (69–98%), i kitea tōna kaha nui i te 70°C (Pikitia 2a). I waho atu i tēnei awhe pāmahana, i heke te kaha o te whākōkī i te tata ki te 70°C. E whakaatu ana ēnei hua kei te kaha te whākōkī i ngā pāmahana teitei, nā te mea pea ka whakanuia e te pāmahana teitei te kaha nekeneke o te tauhohenga.
Te pānga o te pāmahana tauhohenga (a) me te pH (b) ki te ngohe laccase i roto i te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620. I tutuki ngā pāmahana mai i te 20 ki te 90 °C mā te whakatō i te ranunga i mua i ngā pāmahana rerekē mō te 5 meneti i mua i te tāpiri i te whākōkī me te tīmata i te tauhohenga. I aromatawaihia te pānga o te pH ki te ngohe laccase mā te whakamahi i te ABTS hei matū i roto i ngā otinga kei roto ko te 0.1 M citrate-phosphate buffer i runga i te awhe pH o te 2.5 ki te 7.0.
E ai ki a Ezike meal.33, ko te pāmahana tino pai mō te *Trametes polyzona* WRF03 laccase he 55 °C, he rite tonu ki te pāmahana mō te *Ganoderma lucidum*laccase36ā, he rite ki te pāmahana tino pai (50 °C) mō *Trametes polyzona* KU-RNW02737rākase . Baldrian38e kī ana, pērā i ētahi atu pūnaha whākōkī e whakaiti ana i te lignin, ko te awhe pāmahana pai rawa atu mō te laccase kei waenga i te 50 me te 70 °C.
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te whākōkī te mea tino kaha i te pH 3.0, tae atu ki te 94% o te kaha i te pH 3.5. Heoi, i noho kaha tonu i roto i te whānuitanga pH mai i te 2.5 ki te 7.0 (Pikitia 2b). I tua atu, i whakaatuhia he kaha teitei ake i roto i ngā āhuatanga waikawa ki te whakataurite ki ngā āhuatanga kūpapa, kawakore rānei. I noho tonu tana kaha ki te 77% neke atu i te whānuitanga pH mai i te 2.5 ki te 4.5, engari i tae noa ki te 38% i te pH 7.0. Ko te pH tino pai mō te laccase mai i *Trametes polyzona* WRF03 ko te 4.533, he rite tonu ki te pH mō ngā laccase mai i *Trametes polyzona* KU-RNW02737, *Trichoderma harzanium* 39, *Pleurotus* sp. 40, me *Trametes hirsuta* 41. Heoi, e ai ki te rangahau a Chairin et al.42, ko te pH tino pai mō te laccase mai i *Polymorpha f. sp.* WR710-1 he 2.2, ko te pH tino pai mō te laccase mai i *Polymorpha f. sp.* IBL-04 he 5.043. Ko te herenga o ngā anion hydroxide (te aukati laccase) ki ngā ngota parahi o te laccase T2/T3 te take pea o te hekenga o te mahi laccase i raro i ngā āhuatanga pH kūpapa, kawakore rānei. Tērā pea ka whakararuraru tēnei i te whakawhiti irahiko ā-roto mai i te pokapū T1 ki te pokapū T2/T3, nō reira.whakawhāitite mahi whākōkī23,44
Mā te whakatō i te whākōkī i ngā pāmahana rerekē, i kitea ko te wā whakatō me te pāmahana i pā ki te pumau o te whākōkī. He mea nui, ko te laccase mai i *Trametes polyzona* NRC 620 i whakaatu i te pumau teitei ake i te 40℃ me te 50℃, me te pupuri i te 68.33% me te 59.61% o tana mahi tuatahi, ia, i muri i te 120 meneti (Pikitia 3a). He rerekē, i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite (40℃ me te 50℃, 120 meneti), ko te laccase mai i *Trametes polyzona* WRF03 i pupuri i te 64.38% me te 42.92% o tana mahi, ia.33I te ritenga kē, nā te pikinga o te wā whakatipu me te pāmahana i whakaiti i te pumau o te *Trametes polyzona* NRC 620 laccase; I muri i te whakatipu i te 60℃ me te 70℃ mō te 60 meneti, ka heke tōna kaha ki te 39.24% me te 1.72%, ia (Pikitia 3a). E ai ki ngā hua o te whakamātautau, i whakaatu te laccase mai i *Trametes polyzona* WRF03 i te pumau teitei ake i te 40 me te 50℃ puta noa i te tukanga maimoatanga wera.33Waihoki, ko Lueangjaroenkit me ētahi atual.37me Chairin me ētahi atual.42i kōrerotia te pumau o ngā laccase mai i Trametes polyzona KURNW027 me Trametes polyzona WR710-1 i te 50 °C mō te 1 hāora, ia. Hei biocatalyst whai hua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mara hangarau koiora, me pai te pumau me te mahi a te laccase i runga i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana.
Te pumau o te wera (a) me te pumau o te pH (b) o te laccase mai i te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620. I aromatawaihia te pumau o te wera mā te whaowhia i te otinga whākōkī ki roto i te 0.05 M konutai phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) i te 40, 50, 60, me te 70 °C mō te 2 hāora, ia. I aromatawaihia te pumau o te pH mā te whaowhia i te otinga whākōkī ki roto i te 0.1 M citrate buffer me te Tris buffer (pH 3, 4, 6, me te 7) i te 40 °C mō te 2 hāora. I tatauhia te ngohe toenga mā te whakamahi i te ABTS hei papa i muri i te whaowhia.
Hei whakatau i ngā āhuatanga tino pai mō te whakamahinga me te rokiroki o ngā whākōkī, i tirotirohia e mātou te pānga o te pH ki te pumau o te laccase. Nā te pānga ki ngā uara pH rerekē i tino pā ki te pumau o te hanganga pūmua, ā, nā reira i pā ki te pumau me te mahi a te ngota whākōkī. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he iti ake te pumau o te whākōkī i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, engari i whakaatu i te pumau pai ake i ngā uara pH teitei ake (ngā rohe kūpapa me te kawakore). I ngā uara pH o te 7.0, 6.0, 4.0, me te 3.0, ko ngā reiti pupuri whākōkī i muri i te 120 meneti tata ki te 100%, 62.54%, 52.39%, me te 11.14%, ia (Pikitia 3b). I whakaatuhia e te *Strombus multisus* WRF03 laccase te pumau teitei ake i ngā uara pH kūpapa (5.5–6.5) me te pumau iti iho i ngā uara pH waikawa (i raro i te 4.0). I muri i te 120 meneti i ngā uara pH o te 5.5, 6.0, me te 6.5, ko ngā reiti pupuri whākōkī tata ki te 82%, 100%, me te 93%, ia.33Khairin me ētahi atu.42i kite ko te laccase mai i Trametes polyzona WR710-1 he pumau i te awhe pH o te 6.0 ki te 7.0, i te mea ko Sayed et al.45i whakaatu he pumau ake te laccase i raro i ngā āhuatanga pH kūpapa. Heoi, i whakaatuhia hoki e te laccase mai i Cerrena unicolor te pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore (pH 9.0)46I whakaatuhia e ngā laccase i rangahauhia he pumau teitei i runga i te whānuitanga o te pH. He āhuatanga nui pea tēnei mō ngā tono ahumahi.
I te mea he pānga whakaohooho, he pānga ārai hoki ō ētahi katote konganuku ki te mahi whākōkī, me whai whakaaro ki ō rātou pānga ki te mahi whākōkī i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea he poke taiao noa ngā katote konganuku ka pā ki te pumau me te hanganga o ngā whākōkī o waho o te pūtau.47Hei tirotiro i ngā pānga o ngā katote konganuku maha ki te laccase mai i te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620, i whakahaerehia e mātou ngā whakamātautau e rite ana. E ai ki te Pikitia 4, i runga i te momo konganuku i whakamahia, ko te whakanui ake i te kukū katote konganuku mai i te 2.5 mM ki te 10 mM i pā kino ki te mahi a te whākōkī. Hei tauira,Mg²⁺ , Co²⁺ , Zn²⁺, meCu²⁺ka taea te whakaoho me te whakahohe i te mahi whākōkī, i te wāNā⁺ , Mn²⁺ , Ca²⁺, meK⁺ka taea te aukati i te mahi a te whākōkī. I te kukū o te 10 mM, ko ngā katote Cu²⁺ me Mg²⁺ ngā kaiwhakaoho kaha rawa atu o te mahi laccase mai i *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620, e whakarato ana i te taumata whakahohenga tata ki te 34% me te 20%, ia. Heoi, i te kukū o te 10 mM, ko ngā katote Ca²⁺ te kaiwhakaoho kaha rawa atu o te laccase, e whakaiti ana i te mahi whākōkī tata ki te 60%.
Te pānga o ngā katote konganuku ki te mahi a te Pleurotus ostreatus NRC 620 laccase. I whaowhia te laccase mō te 10 meneti i roto i te konutai phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.0) kei roto ngā katote konganuku rerekē i ngā kukū o te 2.5 mM me te 10 mM. Kātahi ka tīmata te tauhohenga mā te tāpiri i te substrate (ABTS), ā, muri iho ka inehia te mahi whanaunga.
He rite ā mātou hua ki ērā o ētahi atu kaituhi i kitea ko te Mg²⁺ me te Cu²⁺ ka whakarei ake i te mahi a *Trametes polyzona* WRF03³. I kitea e Castaño et al.⁴⁸ ko te laccase mai i *Xylaria* sp. ka whakaohokia ki tētahi taumata e ngā katote parahi (Cu²⁺). I tua atu, i whakahaerehia e Foroutanfar et al.⁴⁹ me Si et al.⁵⁰ ngā rangahau rite ki ngā laccase mai i *Paraconiothyrium variabile* me *Trametes pubescens*. Ka taea te whakakī i te pae here parahi momo II (T2) o tēnei whākōkī ki te Cu²⁺ i tētahi kukū kua whakaritea, e whakamārama ana pea i te whakaoho o te mahi laccase i ngā kukū Cu²⁺³⁹ teitei ake. I te mea he oxidase ngā laccase harore pirau mā kei roto he maha ngā ngota parahi, he rerekē ngā pānga o ngā katote parahi ki te mahi laccase, mai i te whakaohooho me te aukati ki te koretake.⁵¹ He rerekē, ko Zhou me ētahi atu[52]i kōrerotia eCu²⁺i aukati i te mahi laccase o te mokowā raro whenua o Taiwan (Odontotermes formosanus). Heoi, ko ngā laccase o Cerena sp. HYB07[53]me Clitocybe maxima[54]kāore i pāngia e ngā katote parahi.
Ko te motuhaketanga o te papa i whakaaturia e ōna tawhā nekeneke (Km me Vmax); ka kaha ake te hononga here o te papa ki te whākōkī, ka iti ake te uara Km, ā, ka teitei ake te motuhaketanga o te papa.3,21,55I whakatauhia ngā tawhā nekeneke (Km me Vmax) o te laccase mai i *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620 mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa GraphPad Prism 6.0 mā te tuhi i te kauwhata Lineweaver-Burk (Pikitia 5). I te whakamahi i te ABTS hei papa, ko ngā hua he 1.99 mM me te 16217 μmolmin⁻¹ L⁻¹,ia. Elsayed et al.21i kōrerotia ko ngā uara Km mō te whakapūngao ABTS he 0.1 mM me te 0.064 mM, ia, e tohu ana i te kaha o te hononga o ngā isoenzyme Lac A me Lac B ki te ABTS. I tua atu, ko ngā uara Vmax he 0.182 μmolmin⁻¹me te 0.603 μmolmin⁻¹, ia. Ko te uara Km i whiwhihia he iti iho i tērā o Trametes polyzona WRF03 (8.66 mM); hei tāpiritanga, ko tō rātou uara Vmax (1429 mmol min⁻¹) i teitei ake hokiraroi te whakamahi i te ABTS hei papa.33 Waihoki, ko ngā uara Km o ngā kukū laccase o Lentinus squarrosulus MR13 me Trametes sp. AH28-2 he 0.0714 mM me te 0.025 mM, ia, ā, ko ngā uara Vmax he 0.0091 mM min−1 me te 0.67 mM min−1 mg−1 (e pā ana ki te ABTS), ia.56,57
I tirotirohia te pānga o te kukū ABTS ki te ngohe o te laccase mai i te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620, ā, i tuhia he kauwhata Lineweaver-Burk o te tauutuutu o te tere tauhohenga tuatahi me te kukū ABTS. I inehia te tauhohenga waikura o ABTS me ngā kukū rerekē (0.025–3.0 mM) o te laccase i te pH 4.5 hei whakatau i ngā tawhā nekeneke (Vmax me Km). I tatauhia ngā pūmau nekeneke Michaelis-Menten mā te whakamahi i te kauwhata Lineweaver-Burk o te tauutuutu o te tere tauhohenga me te kukū o te papa. I tatauhia ngā pūmau nekeneke mai i te kauwhata Lineweaver-Burk mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa GraphPad Prism 6.01.
Ka whakawhaitihia e ngā whākōkī whakamārama tuku iho, pērā i ngā pectinases, ngā matū pectic, ka whakaiti i te matotoru me te pōuri. Ka pakaru pai i a rātou ngā polysaccharides hanganga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia me ētahi atu whākōkī, pērā i ngā cellulases me ngā hemicellulases, hei whakapai ake i te hua me te mārama. Heoi, kāore ngā pectinases e aro motuhake ki ngā matū phenolic, koinei ngā tino take o te pōuri me te parauri waikura, inā koa i roto i ngā wai pērā i te wai aporo me te wai karepe.58He rerekē, ka whakakorikorihia e ngā laccase te waikura o ngā pūhui phenolic, ka whakakotahi i a rātou hei ngota nui ake, kore e rewa ka taea te tango mā te whakatō, mā te tātari rānei. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake tēnei tikanga i te māramatanga engari ka roa ake te ora o te wai mā te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te parauri waikura i puta mai i ngā pūhui phenolic. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā tukanga whakamārama e hangai ana ki te laccase i raro i ngā tikanga tukatuka ngawari (pH 3.5–5.5, pāmahana 25–40 °C), kia pai ai mō ngā wai ngawari me te kore e whakararu i ō rātou āhuatanga kai, āhuatanga organoleptic rānei.59Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea e te maimoatanga pectinase te whakamārama i te wai i roto i te 1–2 hāora, ko te maimoatanga laccase ia e hiahia ana kia roa ake te wā tauhohenga (3–6 hāora) hei whakaiti katoa i ngā pūhui phenolic. Heoi, ka taea te whakapai ake i tēnei tukanga mā te aukati i te whākōkī, mā te whakakotahi rānei i te laccase me ngā tikanga whakamārama ā-ringa.60I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga whākōkī o te tangohanga mata he nui ngā mahi laccase me te α-amylase, engari he tino iti ngā mahi pectinase me te xylanase, ā, kāore i kitea te mahi cellulase. Nō reira, ko te whakahekenga o te pōuri me te ihirangi phenolic i ahu mai i te mahi a te laccase, engari ko te huringa o te matotoru i ahu mai pea i te mahi a te amylase.
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 i ngā tawhā ā-tinana me te matū o ngā tauira wai aporo hou kua pēhia me ngā tauira i tukatukahia ki te laccase. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he iti iho te hua o te wai aporo hou kua pēhia (71.59%) i tērā o ngā tauira i tukatukahia ki te laccase (87.34%). He rite ēnei hua ki ngā kitenga a Pilnik rāua ko Orange.61, nāna i tohu ko te whakamahinga o ngā whākōkī i roto i te tukatuka hua ka taea te whakanui ake i te hua wai, te whakapai ake i te tātari, me te whiwhi wai kounga teitei, mārama hoki mō te kukū. Ko te pikinga o te hua wai te take matua o te pikinga o te ihirangi o ngā huka wairewa i roto i te wai. I te wā o te waikura whākōkī o ngā hua, ka whakangaromia te mesoglea me te pectin i roto i ngā pakitara pūtau o te hua, ka hurihia hei matū wairewa pērā i te huka kūpapa me ngā waikawa.62.He iti iho te uara pH o te wai aporo i tukatukahia ki te whākōkī i tērā o te rōpū whakahaere (P < 0.05), ā, i tino piki ake te uara pH o ngā rōpū e rua i te wā e rongoatia ana (Ripanga 1). He rite ēnei hua ki ngā hua a Mark et al.63, nāna i kite i te hekenga o te pH o te wai hua kāhew i muri i te rokiroki i muri i te maimoatanga wera. Ko te pakaru o te pectin me te hanganga waikawa galacturonic i muri i te maimoatanga whākōkī pea te take o te pikinga o te pH i te wā rokiroki. I noho te pH o ngā tauira i rongoatia ki te whākōkī i waenga i te 4.05 me te 4.31 puta noa i te rokiroki, ko te pH o te wai aporo kāore i rongoatia i waenga i te 4.12 me te 4.33.
Ko te waikawa katoa (TA) o ngā tauira kāore i rongoātia me ngā tauira kāore i rongoātia ki te laccase i whakaatu i te hekenga o te waikawa me te pikinga o te wā rokiroki (Ripanga 1). Ko te hekenga o te waikawa i kīia nā te huringa o ngā waikawa waro ki ngā warowaihā, ki ngā tauhohenga whākōkī rānei, me te waikura i te wā e rongoatia ana te wai.64He iti iho te waikawa katoa o te wai aporo whakahaere me ngā tauira i tukatukahia ki te whākōkī i tērā o ētahi atu wai (wai rōpere 0.9%, wai paramu 2.2%, wai kumquat 1.0%, wai āperekoti 2.4%, wai karaka 0.8%), engari he rite ki tērā o ētahi atu wai (hei tauira, wai pea 0.3%).62Tērā pea nā ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i ngā āhuatanga whakatipu, ngā āhuatanga ira, te taumata pakari, me ngā tikanga tukatuka i puta ai ēnei rerekētanga o te wai aporo hou kāore i tukatukahia.65Ko te hekenga o te waikawa katoa o te wai aporo mana whakahaere me te wai aporo i tukinotia ki te laccase e hangai ana ki ngā hua i whakaaturia e Singh et al.66e pā ana ki te hekenga o te waikawa katoa o te wai aporo Jin Nuo i muri i te 74 rā o te rokiroki. I tetahi atu taha, ko Oshmiansky rāua ko Wojdylo67kāore i kitea he huringa nui o te waikawa o te wai aporo i te wā i akohia ai te pānga o ngā tikanga whakamārama tuku iho.
E whakaatu ana ngā hua i whakaaturia i te Ripanga 1 he nui ake te uara o ngā matū totoka wairewa katoa (TSS) o te wai aporo i tukinotia ki te laccase i tērā o te tauira kāore i tukinotia. He rite ēnei hua ki ngā rangahau kua whakaputaina..68Hei tāpiritanga, e whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 ko te uara TSS o te rōpū wai aporo mana whakahaere he 9.58 i te wā tuatahi, ā, i tae ki te 11.05 i te mutunga o te wā rokiroki. He iti iho ēnei uara i ngā uara TSS o te wai aporo hou i kōrerotia e Hamid et al..69(11.2 me te 11.80, ia). I tino piki ake te uara TSS o ngā tauira wai aporo i tukinotia ki te laccase, mai i te 11.23 tae noa ki te 12.93 i muri i ngā wiki e rua o te rokiroki i te 4°C (Ripanga 1). I kitea anō hoki he pikinga rite o te TSS i te wā rokiroki i roto i ngā hua citrus, ngā rēmana, me ngā karaka reka. Ko te pikinga o ngā totoka wairewa katoa (TSS) i te wā rokiroki, tērā pea nā te waikura o ngā polysaccharides (māngaro) ki ngā monosaccharides (huka), te pikinga o te kukū nā te maroke o te wai, me te pakaru o te pectin i roto i te wai ki ngā totoka wairewa. Ko te pikinga o ngā totoka wairewa katoa (TSS) tērā pea nā te pikinga o ngā huka wairewa, ka hangaia pea mā te hurihanga o te pectin, te cellulose rānei ki ngā huka wairewa e te pectin, te cellulase rānei, ia, mā te waikura rānei o te māngaro ki ngā huka, e ai ki tā Hamed et al.69.Ka kitea te pānga o te laccase ki ngā āhuatanga o te wai āporo, nā te mea he pai ake te rere o te wai āporo i tukatukahia ki te laccase, ā, he iti ake te matotoru i te wai kāore i tukatukahia. Kua tuhia tēnei kitenga ki te Ripanga 1; Ko te matotoru o te tauira i tukatukahia ki te whākōkī he 1.87 cP, ko te matotoru o te tauira whakahaere he 2.95 cP. Ko tēnei hekenga nui o te matotoru he mea pea nā te kaha pupuri wai teitei ake o ngā matū rite ki te pectin me te hanganga o tētahi hanganga whatunga piripono.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i tirotirohia te pānga o te laccase ki te taupū parauri (BI) o te wai āporo mā te ine i te mimiti i te 420 nm mā te whakamahi i te ine ine. Kei te Ripanga 1 ngā hua. I te wā e rongoatia ana, i whakaatu te BI o ngā tauira wai āporo i roto i ngā rōpū i rongoatia me ngā rōpū kāore i rongoatia i te piki haere haere. E whakaata ana te BI i te nui o te parauri, ā, ka taea te whakamahi heihe mea nuitohu mō ngā tauhohenga parauri whākōkī me ngā tauhohenga parauri kore-whākōkī. I tino piki ake te mimiti i te wā e rongoatia ana (P < 0.05). I te mutunga o te rongoa, ko teA420I piki ake te uara o ngā tauira wai aporo i roto i ngā rōpū mana whakahaere me ngā rōpū i rongoatia ki te whākōkī mā te 217% me te 121%, ia (Ripanga 1). E whakaatu ana ngā hua ka taea e te maimoatanga whākōkī te whakaiti i te taumata parauri mā te 56%. Ko ngā hua a Bezerra et al.[19]] he rite ki ā mātou hua; I whakamahia e rātou te muka laccase-glutaraldehyde-kokonati hei whakamārama i te wai aporo, ā, ka whakaitihia tōna tae taketake mā te 61%.
Ahakoa he pai ngā pānga kai me te rongoā o ngā polyphenols i roto i ngā wai hua ki te tinana o te tangata, ka taea hoki e rātou te tauhohe ki ngā pūmua, ka puta he kapua o te wai, he whakapūpū, he pōuri rānei, ā, ka rerekē te reka me te kakara o te hua, ka whakaiti i tōna roa o te oranga.71Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakaiti haumaru i te nui o te matū phenolic o te wai aporo mā te whakamahi i te laccase mai i te Pleurotus ostreatus NRC 620. Ko ngā hua i whakaaturia i roto i te Ripanga 1 e whakaatu ana i te tino hekenga o te nui o te matū phenolic katoa o te wai aporo i tukinotia ki te laccase i mua i te rokiroki i te 4 °C. I tua atu, i heke anō hoki te nui o te matū phenolic katoa i te wā rokiroki i ngā tauira e rua i rangahauhia (Ripanga 1). He rangahau nā Sandri et al.72i whakaatu ka taea e te wai aporo i rongoatia ki te whākōkī te pupuri i tōna kaha ārai mate me te ihirangi pūhui phenolic. Heoi, ko ngā hua o tētahi rangahau nā Lettera et al.73e whakaatu ana ka taea e te maimoatanga o te wai karaka ki te laccase harore te whakaiti i te ihirangi o ngā pūhui phenolic i roto i te wai karaka tae atu ki te 45%.
Kua whakaatuhia ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūhui phenolic pērā i te tango i ngā rauropi kore utu, te whakaiti me te tinei i te hāora takitahi, te whakawhiti i te ngota hauwai, me te tuku irahiko ki ngā rauropi kore utu, e hanga ana i ēnei hei antioxidants kaha.74Nō reira, i roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakamahia ngā tikanga DPPH me te FRAP hei aromatawai i te pānga o te laccase ki te mahi ārai mate o te wai aporo i rongoatia i roto i te pouaka whakamātao mō ngā rā 14 (Ripanga 2). I whakaatuhia e ngā tikanga e rua he pikinga ake o te mahi ārai mate i te wā e rongoatia ana, tērā pea nā te pikinga ake o ngā pūhui phenolic kore utu, nā te hanganga rānei o ngā hua tauhohenga Maillard (MRP), ā, ko ngā hua tauhohenga Maillard pea te take o te pikinga ake o te mahi ārai mate.75Ko ngā tauhohenga parauri kore-enzymatic (tae atu ki te pakaru o te waikawa ascorbic, ngā tauhohenga Maillard, me te pakaru o te huka e te waikawa-whakakorikori) ka puta he tae parauri (melanoidins). Ka taea e ngā hua pakaru o te waikawa ascorbic waenga me ngā hua pakaru huka (pērā i ngā pūhui carbonyl) te tauhohe ki ngā waikawa amino mā roto i ngā tauhohenga Maillard.76Ahakoa kua whānuitia te rangahau i te parauri o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua i te wā e rokiroki ana, he iti tonu tō tātou māramatanga mō ēnei tauhohenga.77Ki te whakatauritea ki te tikanga FRAP, ko te wai aporo i tukinotia ki te laccase i whakaatu i te iti rawa o te kaha ārai-mate mā te tikanga DPPH (Ripanga 2), ā, i piki ake te kaha ārai-mate o ngā tauira katoa i te pikinga o te wā rokiroki. E rua ngā tikanga rerekē mō te whakatau i te kaha ārai-mate i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau nā te mea he rerekē ō rātou mātāpono. Ko te tikanga DPPH e ine ana i te kaha ki te whakakore i ngā rauropi kore utu, ko te tikanga FRAP ia e ine ana i te kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā katote rino. Nō reira, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā tikanga maha hei whakatau i te kaha ārai-mate kia pai ake ai te mārama ki te kaha ārai-mate o ngā tauira i rangahauhia.78
Ko tētahi o ngā kitenga matua o tēnei rangahau ko te *Pleurotus ostreatus* laccase NRC 620 e whakaatu ana i te mahi tino pai i te 70°C me te pH 3.0. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu laccase harore e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakamārama wai, pērā i te *Trametes versicolor* me te *Ganoderma lucidum* laccases, he teitei ake te pumau o te pāmahana o te *P. ostreatus* NRC 620 me te pH waikawa ake. Ko ngā laccase mai i *Trametes versicolor* me te *Ganoderma lucidum* e whakaatu ana i te mahi tino pai i te awhe o te 50-60°C me ngā uara pH i waenga i te 3.5 me te 5.0. Tērā pea ka whai wāhi tēnei rerekētanga ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamārama wai, inā koa mō ngā wai waikawa he mea nui te pumau i ngā uara pH iti iho. Ko te āhuatanga ahurei o *P. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu laccase harore i rangahauhia, e whakaatu ana te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620 i te kaha ki te mahi pai i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua ake. Ko tōna pāmahana mahi tino pai teitei e tohu ana i ngā painga pea i roto i ngā tono ahumahi, pērā i te tere o te tauhohenga me te whakaiti i te poke o te moroiti. Ko tōna pH iti, he mea tino pai ki te āhua waikawa o te maha o ngā wai, tera pea he whai hua i roto i ngā tukanga whakamārama wai. Ko ēnei hua e whakamana ana i te tūhuratanga atu mō te tono tauine nui, e hanga ana i te *Pleurotus ostreatus* NRC 620 hei huarahi kē atu ki ngā pūtake laccase harore tuku iho. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rangahau o mua, i kitea e mātou ko te pāmahana tino pai ko te 60°C, ā, ko te pH tino pai ko te 3.0. I muri i te tauhohenga i te 60°C mō te 80 meneti, i mau tonu te *Ganoderma lucidum* laccase.46% o āna mahi.79 E ai ki a Kurniawati rāua ko Nicelle80, he tino pai ki te taurite te pumau o ngā whākōkī *Ganoderma lucidum* i te 25°C me ngā uara pH mai i te 5.0 ki te 8.0, me te pumau i te pH 6.0 me ngā pāmahana mai i te 10 ki te 30°C. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i kitea e mātou ko te pH me te pāmahana tino pai mō te mahi whākōkī mō *Pleurotus ostreatus* he 3.0 me te 70°C, ia. I muri i te whaowhia i te 40°C me te 50°C mō ngā haora e rua, i mau tonu te 68.33% me te 59.61% o tana mahi i te whākōkī. I tua atu, he nui te mahi a te Pleurotus ostreatus NRC 620 laccase i runga i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana mai i te 50°C ki te 80°C, tata ki te eke ki te mahi mōrahi (69%–98%), me te mahi mōrahi i kitea i te 70°C.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te harore tio laccase NRC620, i whiwhihia i raro i ngā āhuatanga pumau, i whakaatu i te mahi tino pai me te pumau puta noa i ngā āhuatanga pH me te pāmahana, e whakaatu ana i te pumau pai ake i te whakataurite ki ētahi atu pūtake whākōkī. Nā te tāpiri o te 10 mM MgSO₄ me te CuSO₄ i whakanui ake i te mahi whākōkī mā te 21% me te 35% pea, ia. I te tukatukahia hei wai āporo, i whakaitihia e te whākōkī te pH me te matotoru, i te mea he iti noa te hekenga o te ihirangi phenolic i te wā e rongoatia ana.
E whakaū ana ngā hua i te kaha o te laccase i roto i te umanga kai, inā koa i roto i te whakamārama inu. Mā te wawahi motuhake i ngā pūhui phenolic, ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia e te laccase te pōuri me te whakapai ake i te māramatanga engari ka pupuri hoki i te kounga o ngā wai hua i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi ngawari. Kāore i rite ki ngā kaihoko whakamārama tuku iho pērā i te gelatin, te bentonite, me te silica gel, kāore te laccase e whakaputa para, e tango rānei i ngā kakara reka mai i ngā inu, ā, he kōwhiringa pai ake mō te taiao me te pumau. Hei tāpiri, ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu whākōkī me ngā tikanga tātari, ka tukuna e te laccase he otinga whai hua me te utu iti me te kore e whakararu i te kounga hua.
Kyomuhimbo, HD me Brink, HG. Ngā tono me ngā rautaki ārai i ngā laccase kei roto he parahi; he arotake. Heliyon 9, e13156 (2023).
Wā tuku: Hakihea-15-2025